GTM Greek–Amharic–English Interlinear New Testament

About this edition

FINAL · GTM Biblical Greek Teaching Edition · Version 1.1 · 2026. Philippians remains the canonical GTM New Testament interlinear model. R16 re-audits all 104 verses and 1,641 word cards across PT1904 display text, lemma/morphology/Strong’s data, English and Amharic teaching layers, Modern-Greek pronunciation, article functions, textual notes, audio wiring, search, accessibility, and mobile/print behavior. Only concrete defects and stale metadata were changed; verified 1904 surface readings and the frozen Philippians audio engine were preserved.

• Greek textual basis (GTM policy): the 1904 Greek Orthodox Patriarchal Text (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, ed. Basil Antoniades) remains GTM's canonical primary Greek teaching/display text within this project — meaning the fixed running text used consistently for GTM teaching and display, not a claim that other Greek editions are illegitimate or textually inferior. The public-domain byztxt/greektext-antoniades files are used as an electronic control source, but their own documentation explains that the corrected 1912 text is the electronic running base, thoroughly compared with 1904, with 1904 differences recorded in the accompanying collation. The electronic files also regularize movable nu/sigma in specified ways. R6 therefore distinguishes electronic normalization from the verified 1904 surface form instead of silently treating the electronic running file as a facsimile of 1904. NA28 and UBS5 remain secondary modern critical comparators; differences are noted as variants and are never silently substituted for the GTM running text.
• The Ethiopic textual tradition (the Ge'ez Bible and its associated Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo exegetical and liturgical heritage) is treated independently and respectfully in this project — as a distinct, self-standing witness with its own integrity, not as a footnote to Greek textual criticism or a mechanical by-product of the Greek-to-Amharic translation process. Where Amharic wording touches on existing Ethiopian church tradition, that tradition is given genuine first-order weight rather than being overridden by default by Western critical-text assumptions.
• English and Amharic wording throughout (both the word-level glosses and the fluent verse translations) is original composition for this project — not copied or adapted from any existing published Bible translation.
• Scope of this edition: the entire book of Philippians (all 4 chapters, 104 verses, 1,641 Greek words) is now rendered at full word-by-word interlinear depth — Greek, transliteration, morphology, English gloss, and Amharic gloss for every single word, plus the fluent English and Amharic translation of each verse. 1:1–1:11 was hand-authored first as the reference example; 1:12–4:23 was then produced to match that same format and policy set, and cross-checked so every verse's word count matches its source Greek text exactly and every article/θεός gloss follows the GTM policies above.
• Edition status: GTM Biblical Greek Teaching Edition · Version 1.1 · 2026 · FINAL. Internal build R16 completes a full scholarly/teaching-layer audit while preserving Philippians as the canonical GTM interlinear model. The verified 1904 Patriarchal surface readings, reviewed Greek sequence, translation layers, morphology, pronunciation, article labels, textual notes, and frozen Philippians browser-voice audio path remain intact. R15 corrects the οἶδα Strong’s mapping to G1492, normalizes machine-readable Strong’s attributes on all 1,641 word cards, refreshes release metadata, and revalidates synchronized chapter search, accessibility, mobile/print behavior, and audio-word alignment.
• Audio (GTM policy: Modern Greek pronunciation): per standing GTM policy, this project reads New Testament Greek aloud using the Modern Greek pronunciation system, not Erasmian. The 🔊 controls use a Greek voice supplied by the visitor's browser/operating system through the Web Speech API; the exact installed voice can therefore vary by device. Each verse is read extra slow, one word at a time, with a deliberate pause between words. The displayed Patriarchal Greek remains fully polytonic. Only the speech copy is normalized for modern Greek TTS. Single-letter Greek words such as ὁ, ἡ, ἢ, ὃ, ᾧ, ἃ, and ὦ receive a dedicated complete audio-only pronunciation alias so that the engine reads the word's vowel sound rather than announcing a Greek letter name; the alias is allowed to finish normally, with no early cancellation. οὐ, οὐκ, and οὐχ likewise receive complete accented pronunciation aliases so modern Greek TTS reads /u/, /uk/, and /ux/ instead of spelling the Greek letters separately. Audio is available by clicking any Greek word, the full Greek verse line, or the “Extra-slow audio” button. This page remains self-contained as one HTML file.
• Article policy: this project follows the GTM policy on the Greek article (ὁ, ἡ, τό) — every article is preserved and tagged grammatically, but never mechanically glossed as English “the” or a fixed Amharic definite marker; its function (definite, generic, anaphoric, substantivizing, etc.) is judged from context. The interlinear gloss cell always shows the literal/lexical Amharic (e.g. “አምላክ” for θεός), while the fluent Amharic line uses the natural contextual choice — e.g. “እግዚአብሔር” for the one true God, but left as “አምላካቸው” where the text ironically calls something else “a god” (Phil. 3:19).
• Roman pronunciation: the Roman-letter line is sound-based and follows GTM's Modern-Greek pronunciation policy; it is not an Erasmian or orthographic transliteration.
• Strong’s layer: every displayed Greek word is linked through its verified lemma to a Greek Strong’s concordance identifier. Mapping is lemma-based rather than English-gloss-based; spelling/headword variants in Philippians are normalized only for the concordance layer and do not alter the displayed Patriarchal Greek. Strong’s can be shown or hidden independently in Teaching mode.
• Amharic morphology: the teal line translates/explains the existing Greek morphology tag in Amharic. R10B uses ተባዕት/አንስት/ግዑዝ ጾታ for Greek gender, explicitly labels Greek voice with ድምፅ, and uses ጥገኛ አኳኋን for Greek subjunctive without equating it to ዘንድ አንቀጽ.

Version 1.1 / R16 full teaching-layer consistency audit: synchronized every expandable Amharic morphology explanation with the standardized learner-visible Amharic morphology line, retained the verified PT1904 Greek surface and Modern-Greek audio behavior, and revalidated Strong’s, search, accessibility, mobile, and print behavior.